2016年全国Ⅰ卷英语高考真题

You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?
Jane Addams(1860-1935) Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addans helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need In 1931,Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.
Rachel Carson(1907-1964) If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans.
Sandra Day O’Connor(1930-present) When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and, in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. O’ Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.
Rosa Parks(1913-2005) On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rasa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott(抵制). It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement.

1. What is Jane Addams noted for in history?

A．Her social work.

B．Her teaching skills.

C．Her efforts for a prize.

D．Her educational background.

2. What led to O’Connor’s being rejected by the law firm?

A．The poor financial conditions.

B．Her lack of proper training in law.

C．Her little work experience in court.

D．The unfair practice against women.

3. Who started the civil-rights movement in the US?

A．Rosa Parks.

B．Jane Addams.

C．Rachel Carson.

D．Sandra Day O’ Connor.

4. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?

A．They are highly educated.

B．They are truly pioneers.

C．They are rather creative.

D．They are peace-lovers.

Grandparents Answer a Call

As a third－generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never planned to move away.Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help with their children, she politely refused.Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms.Garza finally say yes.That was four years ago.Today all three generations regard the move as a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.

No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to adult children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing.Even President Obama’s mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study by grandparents.com, 83 percent of the people said Mrs.Robinson's decision will influence grandparents in the American family.Two－thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family.

“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn't get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,”says Christine Crosby, publisher of Grand, a magazine for grandparents. “We now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them, especially when you’re raising children.”

Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead.Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.

5. Why was Garza’s move a success?

A．It strengthened her family ties.

B．It improved her living conditions.

C．It enabled her to make more friends.

D．It helped her know more new places.

6. What was the reaction of the public to Mrs.Robinson’s decision?

A．17% expressed their support for it.

B．Few people responded sympathetically.

C．83% believed it had a bad influence.

D．The majority thought it was a trend.

7. What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?

A．They were unsure of themselves.

B．They were eager to raise more children.

C．They wanted to live away from their parents.

D．They had little respect for their grandparents.

8. What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph?

A．Make decisions in the best interests of their own.

B．Ask their children to pay more visits to them.

C．Sacrifice for their struggling children.

D．Get to know themselves better.

I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem courier. Since March 2012, I've done 89 trips of those , 51 have been abroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem cells（干细胞）in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last, in all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we’ve got 72 hours at most, So I am always conscious of time.

I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said: “Well, I’m really sorry, I’ve got some bad news for you-there are no fights from Washington.” So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said: “In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient-please, please, you’ve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.” She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small   plane to be held for mere-routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.

For this courier job, you’re consciously aware than that box you’re got something that is potentially going to save somebody’s life.

9. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph 1?

A．provider	B．delivery man
C．collector	D．medical doctor

10. Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42 hours?

A．He cannot stay away from his job too long.

B．The donor can only wait for that long.

C．The operation needs that very much.

D．The ice won’t last any longer.

11. Which flight did the woman put Peter on first?

A．To London	B．To Newark
C．To Providence	D．To Washington

The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs.

Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.

Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.

Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.

12. What does the author say about silence in conversations?

A．It implies anger.

B．It promotes friendship.

C．It is culture-specific.

D．It is content-based.

13. Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?

A．The Chinese.

B．The French.

C．The Mexicans.

D．The Russians.

14. What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?

A．Let it continue as the patient pleases.

B．Break it while treating patients.

C．Evaluate its harm to patients.

D．Make use of its healing effects.

15. What may be the best title for the text?

A．Sound and Silence

B．What It Means to Be Silent

C．Silence to Native Americans

D．Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold

Secret codes (密码) keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.

People have used secret codes for thousands of years.     16    Code breaking never lags (落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.

There are three main types of cryptography.     17    For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”

    18    You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Let’s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13 5.”

A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book.     19    For example, “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.”     20    However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.

A．It is very hard to break a code without the code book.

B．In any language, some letters are used more than others.

C．Only people who know the keyword can read the message.

D．As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.

E．You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.

F．With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.

G．Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.

A Heroic Driver

Larry works with Transport Drivers,   Inc.   One morning in 2009, Larry was     21    along 165 north after delivering to one of his     22    . Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on.     23     he got closer, he found     24     vehicle upside down on the road. One more look and he noticed     25     shooting out from under the     26     vehicle. Larry pulled over, set the brake and     27    the fire extinguisher (灭火器). Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out.

The man who had his bright lights on     28     and told Larry he had     29     an emergency call. They     30     heard a woman’s voice coming from the wrecked (毁坏的) vehicle.     31    the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window. They told her to stay     32     until the emergency personnel arrived,     33     she thought the car was going to     34    . Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move     35     she injured her neck.

Once fire and emergency people arrived, Larry and the other man     36     and let them go to work. Then, Larry asked the     37     if he was needed or     38     to go. They let him and the other man go.

One thing is     39    —Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle! His     40     most likely saved the woman’s life.

21.

A．walking

B．touring

C．traveling

D．rushing

22.

A．passengers

B．colleagues

C．employers

D．customers

23.

A．Since

B．Although

C．As

D．If

24.

A．each

B．another

C．that

D．his

25.

A．flames

B．smoke

C．water

D．steam

26.

A．used

B．disabled

C．removed

D．abandoned

27.

A．got hold of

B．prepared

C．took charge of

D．controlled

28.

A．came down

B．came through

C．came in

D．came over

29.

A．returned

B．received

C．made

D．confirmed

30.

A．then

B．again

C．finally

D．even

31.

A．Starting

B．Parking

C．Passing

D．Approaching

32.

A．quiet

B．still

C．away

D．calm

33.

A．for

B．so

C．and

D．but

34.

A．explode

B．slip away

C．fall apart

D．crash

35.

A．as if

B．unless

C．in case

D．after

36.

A．stepped forward

B．backed off

C．moved on

D．set out

37.

A．woman

B．police

C．man

D．driver

38.

A．forbidden

B．ready

C．asked

D．free

39.

A．for certain

B．for consideration

C．reported

D．checked

40.

A．patience

B．skills

C．efforts

D．promise

阅读下面的短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。

Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top     41    (attract).

So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I     42    (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be     43    (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back     44     my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,     45     I was the first Western TV reporter     46    (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include     47    (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.

On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by     48    (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few     49    (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed,     50     other is with mum—she never suspects.

51. 短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。
文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to where I live .Though not very big ,but the
Restaurant is popular in our area .It is always crowded with customers at meal times .Some
People even had to wait outside My uncle tells me that the key to his
Success is honest. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time. Instead,he hopes that our business will grow steady.
　　1　　2　　3　　4　　5　　
　　6　　7　　8　　9　　10　　

52. 书面表达
假定你是李华，暑假想去一家外贸公司兼职，已写好申请书和个人简历（resume）。给外教Ms Jenkins 写信，请她帮你修改所附材料的文字和格式（format）。
注意：
1. 词数100左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节，已使行文连贯。